Poison Ivy

We may not typically think of poison ivy this time of year.  It really seems like more of a summer worry.  However, it's the time in which we are usually doing a lot of yard clean up.  You can be exposed to poison ivy raking leaves, picking up brush, stacking firewood, or even bringing firewood in for a fire.  I thought this was a good time to talk about poison ivy.  When you are not really thinking about it, you are more likely to be exposed.
 

What is a poison ivy rash?
 

A poison ivy rash is caused by an allergic reaction to an oily substance called urushiol.  This reaction is called contact dermatitis.  This oil is in the leaves, stems, and even the roots of poison ivy, as well as poison oak, and poison sumac.  This is the most common allergic reaction in the U.S., with at least 85% of Americans being allergic to this oil to some degree, and about 10-15% of people being extremely allergic to it.  The rash affects approximately 50 million Americans each year.  You can also develop an allergy to this oil at any time in your life, so just because you have not broken out from poison ivy in the past, does not mean that you will not have a reaction the next time you come in contact with it.

The rash has a very classic appearance, with redness initially, followed by swelling, then blisters.  The rash is associated with severe itching.  The rash can range from mild to severe, depending on how much of the oil gets on your skin and how allergic you are.

How do you recognize that a plant is poison ivy, oak, or sumac?
 

You have probably heard the saying "leaves of three, let it be."  Poison ivy and poison oak both typically have three leaves.  However, poison sumac typically has five or seven leaves.  Poison ivy is a vine with a fuzzy appearance to the vine itself, but poison oak and sumac are shrubs.  These plants grow everywhere in the United States, except Hawaii, Alaska, and some deserts in Nevada.  They change colors in the fall, just like other leaves do, so they may not look the way you expect this time of year.  Follow this link to see some pictures of the plants:  https://poisonivy.aesir.com/view/welcome.html

How do you get a poison ivy rash?
 

If you come into contact with the urushiol oil, you can develop the allergic skin reaction.  The oil is colorless and odorless, so you don't really notice that you have anything on you.  It is sticky though, not sticky enough to make you feel sticky, but it really sticks to your skin.  This oil is also very potent.  The amount contained on the head of a pin can cause 500 people to have a rash!

Here are the different ways that you may come into contact with the oil.

• Direct contact - Touching the stems, leaves, roots, or berries of the plants
• Touching an object contaminated with the oil - It may be on your shoes after a walk, on the sleeve of your shirt or jacket, on the fur of your dog or cat, on tools that you used in the yard, on wood that was cut and stacked for the fireplace.  The oil can stay active on a surface for several years without losing its potency.  
• Inhaling smoke from burning plants - This can irritate or even cause damage to your nasal passages or lungs.

Is poison ivy contagious?
 

The poison ivy rash is NOT contagious.  If you have a rash from poison ivy, the rash itself is not contagious.  The fluid in the blisters does not contain the urushiol oil and it will not spread the rash.  Just remember that it can be spread if you touch a person's skin when they still have the oil from the plant on their skin, or if you touch their clothing before it has been adequately washed.

Next week we'll talk about ways to prevent and treat the poison ivy rash.

If you have any questions about poison ivy, please log into your account and send us your question. We are here to help.

Dr. Anita Bennett MD - Health Tip Content Editor

When Should You Get Your Flu Shot?

Last week, public health officials urged Americans to get their flu shot early this year.  Let's talk about the reason for the warning, and whether you should get a flu shot.

You may not realize that influenza viruses are constantly mutating and changing.  Because of this, the strain of influenza virus that is common this year, may be very different from the strain that was common during last year's flu season.  This is why a new influenza vaccine, or flu shot, is necessary each year.

How is the flu shot designed or selected each year?

More than 100 influenza centers in over 100 countries conduct year-round surveillance for influenza.  This involves testing thousands of influenza virus samples from patients all over the world.  The laboratories then send representative viruses to five World Health Organization (WHO) laboratories, one of which is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia.

The flu vaccine is then designed to protect against the three or four influenza viruses that research indicates are most likely to cause illness during the upcoming flu season.  In the United States, the FDA makes the final decision about which strains are included in the flu shots that are given in the U.S., with consideration given to recommendations made by the WHO, based on worldwide research.

Why are officials recommending early flu shots this year?

It may be no surprise that the Southern Hemisphere's flu season is about 6 months earlier than our flu season in the Northern Hemisphere.  Influenza season is typically during fall and winter.  Because the Southern Hemisphere experiences their fall and winter, and their flu season, during our spring and summer, we often look at the trends seen in Australia's flu season, to help us plan for our own.

While their flu season does not always predict the severity of our own, it can certainly provide an indication of what's to come for us.  This year, Australia's flu season started early, and is considered to be one of the worst influenza seasons that they have ever seen.

This makes our public health officials worry about our upcoming flu season.  In fact, there have already been some U.S. locations reporting scattered cases of influenza as early as September, which is considered early for our flu season.  There have even been 2 reported deaths from influenza recently.

Why does it matter if you get your flu shot?

Although the flu vaccine is not 100% effective at preventing influenza, there is research showing that the vaccine reduces the severe and sometimes even deadly complications from the flu, and can protect newborns whose mothers received the flu vaccine while pregnant.  The effectiveness at preventing disease varies from year to year, depending on how accurate the predictions were for the strains of flu virus expected.  So even though it may not prevent every case of the flu, it does prevent a number of infections, it does decrease the severity of the disease, and it will save lives.

Although last year's season, 2018-2019 was not too bad, in the 2017-2018 flu season in the U.S., the flu killed at least 80,000 people.

Who should get a flu shot?

The CDC recommends everyone ages 6 months and older get a flu shot every flu season, including people with chronic health conditions as well as healthy people.  It is especially important for some people to get vaccinated, namely people who are at risk of developing serious complications, like pneumonia, if they get sick with the flu. This includes:

• People who have certain medical conditions including asthma, diabetes, and chronic heart or lung disease, and the people who live with or care for them.
• Pregnant women
• People 65 years and older

Who should NOT get a flu shot?

• Children younger than 6 months of age
• People with severe, life-threatening allergies to any component of the flu vaccine
• Some people should not be vaccinated without first consulting a doctor, including
  • Those with an allergy to eggs
  • Anyone who had Guillain-Barre Syndrome within 6 weeks of getting the flu vaccine previously
  • Anyone who has a moderate to severe illness with a fever should likely wait until they recover before getting the shot

When should you get your flu shot?

I usually recommend a flu shot by November 1st, but this year we should all get our flu shots early.  I would talk with your doctor or pharmacist about getting your flu shot as soon as you can.

If you have any questions about flu shots, please log into your account and send us your question. We are here to help.

Dr. Anita Bennett MD - Health Tip Content Editor

Healthy Kids Healthy Drinks

Recently four major health organizations came together to support the first-ever consensus recommendation about healthy drinks for kids. There are so many drinks available in stores these days, and many of them are advertised as kid's drinks. Unfortunately, many drinks that are advertised for kids are not actually healthy for kids. I know it was always a challenge for me as a parent, trying to combat the advertisements, as well as the availability of unhealthy drinks at every turn, from restaurants to soccer games. But it is important that we as parents make good choices for our children who are too young to make these choices for themselves.

Which organizations formed the consensus?

• Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
• American Academy of Pediatric Dentists
• American Academy of Pediatrics
• American Heart Association

Why are these new recommendations important?

The beverages that kids drink during the first few years of their lives are a significant source of calories and nutrients, and can have a large impact on their health, not only during childhood, but throughout adulthood as well. Early childhood is the ideal time to start shaping nutrition habits and promoting healthy nutritional choices, and this is just as important for beverages as it is for foods.

What are the new recommendations?

The recommendations are divided by age, from birth through age five. You can follow the link at the bottom of the page to read the full recommendations, but I can give you a summary here.

0-6 month old babies should drink:

• Breast milk
• Infant formula

6-12 month old babies should drink:

• Breast milk
• Infant formula
• A few sips of water during meal times with solid foods

12-24 month old babies should drink:

• Water - 1-4 cups of water daily, depending on the weather and how active they are
• Milk - Plain, pasteurized whole milk provides lots of nutrients which their growing bodies need. They should get 2-3 cups of whole milk per day.

2-3 years toddlers should drink:

• Water - 1-4 cups per day which varies depending on the weather and how active they are
• Milk - At this age, children should transition to low fat milk, either 1% milk or skim milk, about 2 cups per day.
• Very limited amount of 100% fruit juice - Only ½ cup (4 ounces) per day. You can add water to fruit juice in order to make a little bit go further. Instead of drinking fruit juice, children should be eating fruit (fresh, canned, or frozen) with NO added sugar. Even 100% fruit juice can cause dental cavities and unwanted weight gain.

4-5 year old kids should drink:

• Water - 1.5 to 5 cups of water a day, again depending on weather and activity level.
• Milk - Plain, pasteurized, low-fat milk, up to 2 ½ cups a day
• Very limited amount of 100% fruit juice - No more than ½ to ¾ cups (4-6 ounces) per day. Again, kids should be eating fruit without added sugars, rather than drinking juice.

For all age groups, kids should not drink anything that is not on the list of recommended drinks for their age, this includes:

• Flavored milks, like chocolate or strawberry milk
• Transition formulas, sometimes called toddler formulas or follow up formulas
• Plant-based milks such as almond milk, soy milk, rice milk, oat milk
• Drinks with caffeine, such as sodas, coffee, tea, energy drinks
• Carbonated drinks, such as sodas
• Sugar-sweetened drinks, or drinks sweetened with low-calorie sweeteners, such as sodas, fruit drinks, fruit-ades, sweetened waters, etc.
• Sports drinks or energy drinks - No kids should drink sports drinks, even if they are playing sports.

I would encourage you to read the full recommendations by following this link:
https://healthydrinkshealthykids.org/ 

If you have any questions about healthy drinks for kids, please log into your account and send us your question. We are here to help.

Dr. Anita Bennett MD - Health Tip Content Editor